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| | أساسيات طاقة الرياح Wind Energy Basics | |
| | كاتب الموضوع | رسالة |
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VIP مهندس مميز
الدوله : الكويت عدد المساهمات : 26 نقاط : 51031 السٌّمعَة : 0 تاريخ التسجيل : 07/05/2010 العمل او الدراسه : Electrical Engineer
| | | | VIP مهندس مميز
الدوله : الكويت عدد المساهمات : 26 نقاط : 51031 السٌّمعَة : 0 تاريخ التسجيل : 07/05/2010 العمل او الدراسه : Electrical Engineer
| موضوع: رد: أساسيات طاقة الرياح Wind Energy Basics الخميس يونيو 10, 2010 5:08 am | |
| ENERGY FROM WIND
Wind is simple air in motion. It is caused by the uneven heating of the earth’s surface by the sun. Since the earth’s surface is made of very different types of land and water, it absorbs the sun’s heat at different rates.
During the day, the air above the land heats up more quickly than the air over water. The warm air over the land expands and rises, and the heavier, cooler air rushes in to take its place, creating winds. At night, the winds are reversed because the air cools more rapidly over land than over water.
In the same way, the large atmospheric winds that circle the earth are created because the land near the earth's equator is heated more by the sun than the land near the North and South Poles. Today, wind energy is mainly used to generate electricity. Wind is called a renewable energy source because the wind will blow as long as the sun shines.
The History of Wind Since ancient times, people have harnessed the winds energy. Over 5,000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians used wind to sail ships on the Nile River. Later, people built windmills to grind wheat and other grains.
The earliest known windmills were in Persia (Iran). These early windmills looked like large paddle wheels. Centuries later, the people of Holland improved the basic design of the windmill. They gave it propeller-type blades, still made with sails. Holland is famous for its windmills. American colonists used windmills to grind wheat and corn, to pump water, and to cut wood at sawmills. As late as the 1920s, Americans used small windmills to generate electricity in rural areas without electric service. When power lines began to transport electricity to rural areas in the 1930s, local windmills were used less and less, though they can still be seen on some Western ranches. The oil shor***es of the 1970s changed the energy picture for the country and the world. It created an interest in alternative energy sources, paving the way for the re-entry of the windmill to generate electricity
How Wind Power Is Generated The terms "wind energy" or "wind power" describe the process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power. This mechanical power can be used for specific tasks (such as grinding grain or pumping water) or a generator can convert this mechanical power into electricity to power homes, businesses, schools, and the like.
Wind Turbines Wind turbines, like aircraft propeller blades, turn in the moving air and power an electric generator that supplies an electric current. Simply stated, a wind turbine is the opposite of a fan. Instead of using electricity to make wind, like a fan, wind turbines use wind to make electricity. The wind turns the blades, which spin a shaft, which connects to a generator and makes electricity.
Wind Turbine Types Modern wind turbines fall into two basic groups; the horizontal-axis variety, like the traditional farm windmills used for pumping water, and the vertical-axis design, like the eggbeater-style Darrieus model, named after its French inventor. Most large modern wind turbines are horizontal-axis turbines.
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| | | VIP مهندس مميز
الدوله : الكويت عدد المساهمات : 26 نقاط : 51031 السٌّمعَة : 0 تاريخ التسجيل : 07/05/2010 العمل او الدراسه : Electrical Engineer
| موضوع: رد: أساسيات طاقة الرياح Wind Energy Basics الخميس يونيو 10, 2010 5:11 am | |
| Turbine Components Horizontal turbine components include: • blade or rotor, which converts the energy in the wind to rotational shaft energy; • a drive train, usually including a gearbox and a generator; • a tower that supports the rotor and drive train; and • other equipment, including controls, electrical cables, ground support equipment, and interconnection equipment.
Turbine Configurations Wind turbines are often grouped together into a single wind power plant, also known as a wind farm, and generate bulk electrical power. Electricity from these turbines is fed into a utility grid and distributed to customers, just as with conventional power plants.
Wind Turbine Size and Power Ratings Wind turbines are available in a variety of sizes, and therefore power ratings. The largest machine has blades that span more than the length of a football field, stands 20 building stories high, and produces enough electricity to power 1,400 homes.
A small home-sized wind machine has rotors between 8 and 25 feet in diameter and stands upwards of 30 feet and can supply the power needs of an all-electric home or small business. Utility-scale turbines range in size from 50 to 750 kilowatts. Single small turbines, below 50 kilowatts, are used for homes, telecommunications dishes, or water pumping. Advan***es and Disadvan***es of Wind-Generated Electricity
A Renewable Non-Polluting Resource Wind energy is a free, renewable resource, so no matter how much is used today, there will still be the same supply in the future. Wind energy is also a source of clean, non-polluting, electricity. Unlike conventional power plants, wind plants emit no air pollutants or greenhouse gases. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, in 1990, California's wind power plants offset the emission of more than 2.5 billion pounds of carbon dioxide, and 15 million pounds of other pollutants that would have otherwise been produced. It would take a forest of 90 million to 175 million trees to provide the same air quality.
Cost Issues Even though the cost of wind power has decreased dramatically in the past 10 years, the technology requires a higher initial investment than fossil-fueled generators. Roughly 80% of the cost is the machinery, with the balance being site preparation and installation. If wind generating systems are compared with fossil-fueled systems on a "life-cycle" cost basis (counting fuel and operating expenses for the life of the generator), however, wind costs are much more competitive with other generating technologies because there is no fuel to purchase and minimal operating expenses.
Environmental Concerns Although wind power plants have relatively little impact on the environment compared to fossil fuel power plants, there is some concern over the noise produced by the rotor blades, aesthetic (visual) impacts, and birds and bats having been killed (avian/bat mortality) by flying into the rotors. Most of these problems have been resolved or greatly reduced through technological development or by properly siting wind plants.
Supply and Transport Issues The major challenge to using wind as a source of power is that it is intermittent and does not always blow when electricity is needed. Wind cannot be stored (although wind-generated electricity can be stored, if batteries are used), and not all winds can be harnessed to meet the timing of electricity demands. Further, good wind sites are often located in remote ********s far from areas of electric power demand (such as cities). Finally, wind resource development may compete with other uses for the land, and those alternative uses may be more highly valued than electricity generation. However, wind turbines can be located on land that is also used for grazing or even farming | |
| | | أنس مهندس جديد
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| موضوع: رد: أساسيات طاقة الرياح Wind Energy Basics السبت نوفمبر 27, 2010 9:48 am | |
| السلام عليكم ورحمةالله شكرا لك يا أخي الكريم على هذه المعلومات | |
| | | ابراهيم المليان مهندس جديد
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| موضوع: مشكور اخونا من الكويت بس الموضوع نناقصاته حاجه ؤيصير الاروع كيفية الحسابات للدخل والخرج من التربينه الثلاثاء يناير 04, 2011 2:44 pm | |
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| | | ابراهيم المليان مهندس جديد
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| موضوع: رد: أساسيات طاقة الرياح Wind Energy Basics الثلاثاء يناير 04, 2011 2:47 pm | |
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| | | abdulhafiz مهندس جديد
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| موضوع: رد: أساسيات طاقة الرياح Wind Energy Basics الثلاثاء ديسمبر 06, 2011 8:24 am | |
| بعد التحيه .... لك الشكر اخي على هذه المعلومه التي قمت بأدراجها ونتمنى منك الكثير | |
| | | جمال رمانه مهندس فعال
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| موضوع: رد: أساسيات طاقة الرياح Wind Energy Basics الأحد يناير 29, 2012 4:24 am | |
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